刺激响应型微胶囊的可控释放研究进展

刺激响应型微胶囊由于具有独有的高稳定性、多功能性、膜结构的可调性、以及对不同芯材的运送能力,在药物封装和释放、人造细胞、催化、化学传感器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文综述了近年来不同刺激响应型复合微胶囊的可控释放的研究进展,包括温敏型、pH响应型、磁响应型、生物响应型、电响应型,以及光响应型微胶囊,根据释放机理的不同着重对光响应型微胶囊的释放过程进行了总结,并对微胶囊可控释放在未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

原子核第一激发能的统计规律

原子核的第一激发态能级是所有激发态能级中最重要的一条能级,在一定程度上可直接反映该核素的稳定性。通过对2 125个核素的第一激发态能级纲图进行统计分析,发现传统幻数位置的第一激发能明显高于邻近核素的第一激发能,亦对应于同位素链、同中子素链上原子核第一激发能最大的核素。对于第一激发能较大且明显偏离传统幻数位置的少量核素,发现都具有同质异位素相似态或为裂变核的混合能级,这些给出的值是否是第一激发态,在理论和实验上仍存在一定的不确定性;而对于原子核第一激发能最大的核素,其自旋宇称为2+的最多（高达42%）。对于中重核区内的偶偶核,其第一激发能与价核子N_pN_n关系明显趋于指数的衰减形式。     

产腈水解酶重组菌的发酵工艺及催化性质研究

为了提升腈水解酶转化3-氰基吡啶制备烟酸的工艺经济性并为其工业应用奠定基础,对重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21（DE3）-NIT进行了pH-stat高密度发酵以及催化性质研究.结果显示,高密度发酵实验中获得最高菌体OD₆₀₀为136.8,细胞干重61.97 g/L,最高酶活为558.6 U/mL;进一步考察了重组菌在不同温度、pH、金属离子以及有机溶剂等条件下的催化特性.最后,将高密度发酵获得的菌体制备成静息细胞,在30℃、pH 7.2条件下,280 min内共转化200 mmol/L底物总计24批次,烟酸累积浓度590 g/L,是目前文献所报道生物法合成烟酸最高水平.     

高分散纳米薄水铝石和纳米氧化铝的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以硝酸铝为铝源,尿素为沉淀剂,采用无模板水热法合成纳米薄水铝石(γ-AlO(OH))。在不同温度下煅烧后,得到氧化铝产物(γ-Al2O_3和θ-Al2O_3)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氮气吸附-脱附法和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征分析。并且研究了产物对甲基橙(MO)的吸附性能,系统地考察了吸附时间、溶液的pH值、甲基橙浓度及循环使用对产物吸附性能的影响。此外,还对吸附过程进行了相关吸附理论研究。结果表明:与其他方法所制备的产物相比,通过该方法获得的产物的分散性更高,形态更均匀和完整。产物为高度分散的纳米捆扎状结构。γ-AlO(OH)对甲基橙的最大吸附量达1 492.5 mg·g~(-1)。另外,产物的吸附机制包含化学作用吸附机制和静电作用吸附机制等。3种产物对甲基橙的吸附均符合Langmuir单分子层吸附模型,吸附过程均符合二级动力学特征。     

Aerolysin蛋白纳米孔道直接检测单个DNA碱基修饰

基于Aerolysin生物膜通道蛋白的纳米孔道电化学分析技术,因其高的电化学空间限域能力可实现超灵敏DNA单分子检测。本文利用单个Aerolysin纳米孔道在无需标记、无需扩增的条件下直接分辨3种具有单个碱基差异的单链DNA。实验结果显示,具有单个炔基侧链基团修饰的单个ss DNA在限域空间内与Aerol-ysin纳米孔道的相互作用时间较未修饰的ss DNA增长近7倍,电流阻断程度增大7%,且高斯峰半峰宽减小了44%,增强了Aerolysin纳米孔道对单个DNA分子的分辨能力。研究成果有望推动Aerolysin纳米孔在DNA直接测序及表观遗传修饰检测中的应用。     

多情景降雨-径流的巫山县公路洪灾预警研究

暴雨情景下,山区径流水位突涨、流速与流量骤变等易发生公路洪灾,对人民生命财产安全造成巨大威胁。以巫山县为例,在不同强度降雨阈值下对降雨-径流水文参数指标进行量化处理,全面分析了降雨与水位、流速、流量之间的关系,并在多情景降雨下,基于公路洪灾孕灾指标,构建了公路洪灾预警模型。研究结果表明：山区径流水位变化幅度大于流速,而在大暴雨及特大暴雨情景下（降雨临界值185 mm）,流速变化大于水位,在不同降雨阈值下,等级较低的河流更易发生公路洪灾,其水位空间变化更剧烈、效应范围更广;而流量与水位变化则对等级较高的径流影响更大,且河流等级越高变化越明显;巫山县公路洪灾易发程度介于轻度与重度之间,东北与西南部区域公路洪灾易发性强,且较为集中,西南部、东部与中部,公路洪灾易发程度介于重度与中度之间,西北部、中部与南部区,介于轻度与中度之间。该研究结果可为山区公路洪灾防治提供决策依据。     

R134a在板式换热器中的凝结换热实验研究

本文对R134a在板式换热器内的凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,通过测量换热器中冷却水及板壁温度获得了局部凝结换热系数随蒸气干度、质量流量及热流密度的变化关系.实验结果表明,凝结换热系数随着蒸气干度增加而增加.文章还将实验结果与部分文献数据进行了比较与分析.本文的研究为换热准则关系式的发展提供了实验数据.     

Classical mechanics in non-commutative phase space

In this paper the laws of motion of classical particles have been investigated in a non-commutative phase space. The corresponding non-commutative relations contain not only spatial non-commutativity but also momentum non-commutativity. First, new Poisson brackets have been defined in non-commutative phase space. They contain corrections due to the non-commutativity of coordinates and momenta. On the basis of this new Poisson brackets, a new modified second law of Newton has been obtained. For two cases, the free particle and the harmonic oscillator, the equations of motion are derived on basis of the modified second law of Newton and the linear transformation (Phys. Rev. D, 2005, 72: 025010). The consistency between both methods is demonstrated. It is shown that a free particle in commutative space is not a free particle with zero-acceleration in the non-commutative phase space, but it remains a free particle with zero-acceleration in non-commutative space if only the coordinates are non-commutative.     

Establishment of Configuration with Optimized Current Profile in Pellet Fuelled Discharge on HL-2A

A sawtooth-free period is produced following the pellet injection in the pellet fuelled discharge of qa = 3.4 （where qa is the safety factor at the plasma boundary） in the HL-2A tokamak. Establishment of the current profile such as in the hybrid scenario is studied under the condition of pellet injection in HL-2A. It is shown that a q-profile of weak negative shear is produced immediately after the pellet injection, and it then evolves to a broad flat profile with q0 〉 1 （where qo is the safety factor at the centre）. The measured MHD mode structures evidence consistencies of the evaluated q-profile with locations of the q = 1 surface in the sawtoothing period and of the q = 2 surface in the sawtooth-free period. TRANSP analysis indicates that the energy confinement is enhanced substantially during and after pellet injection, which is resulted from the q-profile optimization and the plasma density peaking.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms in titanium at a temperature of 30OK. The nucleation and growth of helium bubble has been simulated up to 50 helium atoms. The approach to simulate the bubble growth is to add helium atoms one by one to the bubble and let the system evolve. The titanium cohesion is based on the tight binding scheme derived from the embedded atom method, and the helium-titanium interaction is characterized by fitted potential in the form of a Lennard-Jones function. The pressure in small helium bubbles is approximately calculated. The simulation results show that the pressure will decrease with the increasing bubble size, while increase with the increasing helium atoms. An analytic function about the quantitative relationship of the pressure with the bubble size and number of helium atoms is also fitted.